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HMW9 - Industrial Revolution: Primary Sources

Web Source: National Archives (United Kingdom)

Web Source: Industrial Revolution - Internet Modern History Sourcebook

Internet Modern History Sourcebook: David Ricardo: The Iron Law of Wages, 1817

  • "David Ricardo (1772-1823), an English banker was also an important early economist. His most well-known argument was that wages "naturally" tended towards a minimum level corresponding to the subsistence needs of the workers. The attraction of this idea for factory owners is evident. It also influenced Marx in his early pessimistic views about the possibility of workers benefiting from capitalism. Ricardo's views on the "labor theory of value" were also important in Marx's economic thought." from the website.

Internet Modern History Sourcebook Friederich Engels: Industrial Manchester, 1844

  • "Manchester, in South-east Lancashire rapidly rose from obscurity to become the premier center of cotton manufacture in England. This was largely due to geography. Its famously damp climate was better for cotton manufacture than the drier climate of the older eastern English cloth manufacture centers. It was close to the Atlantic port of Liverpool (and was eventually connected by one of the earliest rail tracks, as well as an ocean-ship capable canal - although thirty miles inland, it was long a major port). It was also close to power sources - first the water power of the Pennine mountain chain, and later the coal mines of central Lancashire. As a result, Manchester became perhaps the first modern industrial city.

    Friedrich Engels' father was a German manufacturer and Engels worked as his agent in his father's Manchester factory. As a result he combined both real experience of the city, with a strong social conscience. The result was his The Condition of the Working-Class in England in 1844." from the website.

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